The former player: 'I really wanted to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union brought his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person education on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this flag and keep carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022